In The Damage: Care in Crisis Unison said 63% of homecare, residential support and day services staff said they had less time to spend with those they care for because of staff shortages.
It found 65% were doing their job alongside fewer staff than six years ago, while 36% said rationing of supplies had increased as a result of budget cuts.
Some care home residents were not getting access to showers and regular visits to the toilet, respondents said.
The survey drew responses from more then 1,075 care staff.
Unison head of local government Heather Wakefield said: “Cuts have left a trail of destruction and this is affecting those in desperate need of care.
“Everyone deserves decent care in their old age. But if the government doesn’t act now millions of people will be left facing a bleak and uncertain future.”
